Abstract: Air pollution may impair economically valuable performance even among highly trained workers. We study match-day PM2.5 and attacking output in 1,101 matches from the Iranian Persian Gulf Pro League during the 2017-18 to 2022-23 seasons, a setting with precisely timed team production and unusually high pollution. Using home-team-by-season and week-by-season fixed effects together with match and weather controls, we find that a one-standard-deviation increase in PM2.5 is associated with 0.410 fewer home-team shot attempts, or 3.6 percent of mean output. The decline is concentrated on the home side and reduces the home-minus-away shot differential, suggesting that pollution erodes an attacking-performance margin associated with home advantage; the away-team estimate is imprecise. Because fixed monitors may imperfectly measure stadium exposure, we additionally instrument monitor-based PM2.5 with horizontal visibility from an independent meteorological source. Under the maintained proxy and exclusion assumptions, the IV estimate implies 1.446 fewer home shots, or 12.5 percent of the mean. The results extend pollution-productivity evidence to team production in a highly polluted professional league and suggest that exposure measurement can materially affect estimated impacts.
